Ethics and Legalities in Digital Marketing

Rules of the Game:

I believe that marketing of brand within social media is a positive step for the end users and public. However, we need a lot to do to make the vision perfect. Here are few recommendations to ensure your social media marketing remains ethical.

1. KYA – Know Your Audience:

Before embarking on any social marketing drive, make sure that you:

• Know about your audience, their preferences, interests and choices
• Have a complete demographic and psycho-graphic overview

This will help you refine your target audience and also facilitate in developing anti-spam mechanism. In addition, it will allow you to segment the audience and send over relevant messages that will drive engagement; the ultimate goal.

2. Stay Away from Biases:

Businesses and marketers need to stay away from (negative) political, religious, ethnic, or any cultural bias that could be termed as controversial. A slight mistake can lead to a big PR disaster and loss of your job (as marketer). We have seen that many top social media managers got fired for just one wrong tweet.

3. Never Compromise On Privacy:

Privacy is a very sensitive domain as it is top concern of the internet generation. If you are doing some marketing via social media, make sure you do not violate privacy rules. Some companies extract Facebook and LinkedIn data to build their email campaigns. This is a cutting-edge sword and requires attention to core concerns. Just a promise of not spamming might not be enough, you need to give unsubscribe option with every message you deliver. To read more about ethical email marketing.

4. Be Transparent:

If you are endorsing some product, idea or personality; you need to disclose why you are endorsing it. Mentioning your relationship with that particular product, non-profit entity, brand or political entity in your campaign, handle, or bio is essential.

5. Speak Truth:

If you have some interest or affiliation in something being discussed, you need to politely communicate your affiliation. It does not require that you explain your interests but tell as to why are you supporting a particular thing. Another important element here is to be true to yourself as well as the audience.

6. Think Before You Tweet:

Internet if flooded with unauthentic information pieces, which has made the marketer’s job more complicated. Therefore, always verify what you share before sending it out for prospects. Any factual error may lead to embarrassment and negative perception of the brand.

7. Imagine the Impact:

If you are sharing some information through your social channel which has been acquired from a third party source, give clear disclaimers to avoid suspicions of conflict of interest. Moreover; be very careful about your tweets and retweets. Public perception matters a lot. For instance, you might retweet something a politician has said in order to spread the news but some may view it as your support for that person. This can be very tricky for your brand.

Conclusion:

Finally, if you do the campaigns with a documented marketing strategy, it can save you from many troubles. Probably the best way to avoid any misconception is to map your content and have a content calendar. Moreover, a strict monitoring mechanism has to be installed to ensure compliance with the code of conduct.

 http://www.business2community.com/social-media/7-fundamental-ethics-social-media-marketing-01571504#adth2mSzRrheHEuT.99

Why does ethics come into it?

This is a grey area but marketers have a responsibility to act ethically.

Of course, there is a difference between illegal activity and unethical activity. Responsible brands are unlikely to be acting illegally as marketers should be familiar with privacy legislation. It is the unethical activities which have the potential to really damage brands.

Marketers know that a brand’s success is built on consumer trust and so delivering on its promise is key. If a brand fails to act ethically, whether this is done accidentally or deliberately, this trust is undermined.

In the past, we have seen brands acting unethically over their claims or trying to be something they are not, harming their brands  For example, the companies that provided the popular game app, Angry Birds, and the ‘Brightest Flashlight Free’ app have been using these apps to track users’ movements 24/7 and passing this information along to other companies. Acting as mini tracking devices, these apps collect information about where people travel throughout the day. As it is unreasonable to expect consumers to know they’re being spied upon, these app companies can be said to be acting unethically, and should their actions become public knowledge, it would undermine brand trust and dramatically reduce downloads.

But who owns the data?

Our every movement in the digital world leaves a trail that can be tracked. Various permission may well be given by consumers when first signing up to websites and apps, but these permissions are often without the consumer’s active knowledge as companies hide what data they are collating and for what purpose. For example, permission for companies to re-use family photos and videos that have been posted onto networks, such as Facebook, may well be buried in the T&C’s.

So all the while people are using a platform, data is being collected by the brand and being used to make a better product. Would consumers consider it morally acceptable if they found their personal details and images elsewhere on the web without having given explicit permission? Again, many consumers would see this as overstepping the ethical line.

The moral dilemma

A moral dilemma reigns. The Internet is meant to be free from control and a force for good where ideas and information can be freely exchanged . But who defines when something is ‘a force for good’ and when it’s okay for information to be ‘freely exchanged’? Large tech companies are dominating Internet activity and whilst generally perceived to be benign, they are increasingly deciding what Internet freedom should look like. Taking a closer look at the following examples shows that their actions are not always ethical.

• Google’s “don’t be evil” motto seems to mean that if Google does it, it’s for the common good. This is despite accusations of monopolistic practices in search and being criticised for spying on consumers to sell advertising. Google appears to want to define what is ‘good’.
• Facebook “helps you connect and share with the people in your life”. Another way of looking at this is that it is a giant marketing platform for collecting data on people’s lives and then selling this to advertisers. 
• Unethical sites have tapped into Facebook to help them disseminate ‘fake news.’ This ‘news’ is so realistic, and targeted at people who have the propensity to believe it, that there are concerns it may have influenced the way people voted in the U.S election. 
• Twitter claims to help you to “get in-the-moment updates on the things that interest you” and yet they aren’t transparent about how users’ data is sold on to advertisers.

If the world’s largest tech companies are not transparent in their marketing activities this highlights the scale of the moral dilemma today’s marketers must navigate.

Navigating the moral tightrope

It’s an exciting time to use digital tools as they are changing fast, but by ignoring the ethical dimension  marketers are in danger of undermining brand trust. On the horizon, we can see  which will measure peoples’ emotional response to ads through facial recognition. To do this, consumers must grant the platform access to their webcams, adding another dimension to the moral maze.

The arrival of big data means that there will be even more data available requiring more powerful tools. So, now’s the time for marketers to obtain clarity around what is and isn’t ethical. There are currently few guidelines around the ‘rights and wrongs’ in the world of digital marketing. Perhaps it’s time for companies to introduce an ethical marketing handbook, making it clear what is and isn’t acceptable in the online world? By considering the brand damage that could be done by acting unethically, this should be incentive enough for marketers to review their own and their companies’ moral compasses!

The Basic Online Marketing Funnel: Reach, Engage, Convert

The Basic Online Marketing Funnel: Reach, Engage, Convert

E-mail marketing

This is an excellent Prezi explaining the unit
looking at email marketing

https://prezi.com/b6wj94blwr01/unit-327-e-mail-marketing/

Animation

Different Style of animation Styles covered:

• Traditional animation
• 2D Vector based animation
• 3D computer animation
• Motion graphics
• Stop motion
• Rotoscoping

Traditional Animation

Traditional animation, sometimes referred to as cel animation, is one of the older forms of animation, in it the animator draws every frame to create the animation sequence. Just like they used to do in the old days of Disney. If you’ve ever had one of those flip-books when you were a kid, you’ll know what I mean. Sequential drawings screened quickly one after another create the illusion of movement.

2D Vector based animation

This style has become very popular in the last decade with the increasing amount of people doing it due to the accessibility of the technology. Flash is cheap and easy to use. Such are other vector based animation programs. 2D animation can be done in After Effects too.

Adobe Flash

Probably the most popular 2D animation software out there. Flash has a long lineage of animation making, even before it was purchased by Adobe. Flash is vector based, which I don’t personally like, but it’s very intuitive to work with (as most Adobe’s products are) and relatively cheap.

Adobe After Effects

An interesting choice for 2D animation. After effects gives you great control when creating rigs for 2D, and using the puppet tool is very convenient and intuitive. I find After Effects to be a great choice since I’m very comfortable with Adobe’s work environment, but that’s my personal preference. Since it’s also an editing software, it’s great to be able to edit and color correct in the same place you animate.

3D Animation (CGI, Computer Animation)

3D animation works in a completely different way than traditional animation. They both require an understanding of the same principles of movement and composition, but the technical skill set is very different for each task. while in the past you had to be an amazing draftsman to be an animator, with computer animation that is not the case. 3D animation is more similar to playing with puppets rather than drawing.

About 3D Animation

3D animation, also referred to as CGI animation, is made by generating images using computer graphics that create a series of images that forms an animation. CGI means Computer Generated Images, so it can easily mean both static and dynamic images using computer graphics.

The animation techniques of 3D animation has a lot of similarities with stop-motion animation, as they both deal with animating and posing models, and still conforms to the frame-by-frame approach of 2D animation, but is a lot more controllable since it is all digital feedback.

Instead of drawn or constructed with clay, characters in 3D animations are digitally modeled on screen, and then fitted with a ‘skeleton’ that allows animators to animate the models for their use.

Animation is done by posing the models in certain key frames, which the computer will then calculate and perform a ‘tweening’ animation that is interpreted by the computer in each frame between the key frames.

When the modeling and/or animation is complete, the computer has to render each frame individually, which unlike 2D or stop-motion animations, can be very time consuming depending on the quality of the images and the quantity of polygons in the scene.

a 3D animator will spend most of their time looking at curves that represent the movement of different body parts over time.

Another big difference with 3D animation is that unlike traditional animation, the character’s body parts are always present and should be taken to consideration.

When animating in 2D, the character has to be drawn from every frame. When the character is viewed from the side, half of its body isn’t shown and thus isn’t drawn. It technically doesn’t exist. It’s drawn on a flat page and there isn’t really more of the character other than what the animator draws.

With 3D though, the character’s body parts always exist in the shot. Even when one hand isn’t visible, it’s still there. That adds some work for the animator, since we need to be aware of the entire character at all times.

The last major difference with 3D animation is the frame rate. Traditional animators usually work on 2’s which means they draw a new drawing every 2 frames, and thus having one drawing last for 2 frames. With 3D animation, however, the motion is always smooth (except for stylized pieces which intentionally try to look different) and having a character stop completely looks like a mistake.

Even when the character is standing still there should always be some sign of life or gentle movement to keep the illusion of life, this is something 2D animation can get away with much more easily than 3D animation.
History

3D animation has definitely revolutionized how the animation industry looks today, and it was all started with Toy Story (1995, Lassetter.) Computer generated animations wasn’t completely new at the time, since it had already been often used in TV shows, movies and computer games, but Toy Story set the bar by being the first feature-length computer animation, leading to a whole new industry and market.

3D animation also lead to studios trying to achieve photo-realistic animations by combining high-level computer processing with advance motion-capture. This has led to films such as Final Fantasy: Spirits Within (2001, Sakaguchi) and The Polar Express (2004, Zemeckis), with very mixed results. This kind of animation became rarer as the decade passed, as the process is a lot more complicated than key framed 3D animations, but has passed on to feature film VFX.

Software used for 3D animations

Autodesk Maya

Maya is the industry standard 3D software, used in most large studios. Maya, Softimage and 3D Max are all a part of Autodesk and work quite similarly. Choosing one is a matter of personal and technical preference.

Autodesk Softimage

From Autodesk: Softimage character animation software offers high-performance creative tools for artists and technical directors working in 3D game development and visual effects.

Cinema 4D

Cinema 4D is a motion graphics artist’s best friend. It’s a 3D program for the After Effects user. Very intuitive, and works directly with After Effects without the need to render first. This would not however be my first choice for serious 3D production since it was designed from the ground up with motion graphics in mind.

 Blender: Blender provides a broad spectrum of modeling, texturing, lighting, animation and video post-processing functionality in one package. Through its open architecture, Blender provides cross-platform interoperability, extensibility, an incredibly small footprint, and a tightly integrated workflow.

Motion Graphics (Typography, Animated Logos)

While still considered a form of animation, motion graphics is a rather different from the other types of animation. Mostly because unlike the other types on our list it is not character or story driven. It’s the art of creatively moving graphic elements or texts, usually for commercial or promotional purposes.

About Motion Graphics

It’s the art of creatively moving graphic elements or texts, usually for commercial or promotional purposes. Think animated logos, explainer videos, app commercials, television promos or even film opening titles.

The skills for motion graphics don’t necessarily translate to the other types of animation, since they don’t require knowledge of body mechanics or acting, but they do have some attributes in common such as understanding good composition and the all important camera motion.

The process of creating Motion Graphics depends on the programs that are used, since video editing softwares often have different UI or settings, but the process is the same. Motion Graphics usually involves animating images, texts or video clips using key framing that are tweened to make a smooth motion between frames. These programs also supports scripts that will automatically alter the animations to various preferences that are required. Motion graphics also often uses particle systems to create various effects. It is basically points in 3D and 2D space that is shown as texts, images or visual effects. The particle effects are made with emitters that digitally produces lights, surfaces, or a disassembling animation.

Motion Graphics are simply flat-based images or 3D objects that are given the illusion of motion, accompanied with music or sound effects. This technique is often used for multimedia projects.
History

The term Motion Graphics came about computer based video editing, as programs like Adobe After Effects and Apple Motion made editing images definitely a lot more easier, since previously, before the advent of computer editing, it was a very time-consuming process, which made it limited for high-budget productions, but in present time it is highly popular for commercials, news shows and internet videos

Adobe After Effects

After effects is the most common software for motion graphics. It is the software that streamlined motion graphics and made it so much easier to make.

Cinema 4D

Cinema 4D is a motion graphics artist’s best friend. It’s a 3D program for the After Effects user. Very intuitive, and works directly with After Effects without the need to render first. This would not however be my first choice for serious 3D production since it was designed from the ground up with motion graphics in mind.

Stop Motion (Claymation, Cut-Outs)

Stop motion is done by taking a photo of an object, and then moving it just a little bit and taking another photo. The process is repeated and when the photos are played back one after another they give the illusion of movement. This is similar to traditional animation but it uses real life materials instead of drawings.

About Stop Motion

Stop-Motion animation can be referred to any animations that uses objects that are photographed in a sequence to create a animated action.

The process of Stop-Motion animation is very long, as each object has to be carefully moved inch by inch, while photographing every change, to create a fluid sequence of animation.
Claymation

One of the most popular form is Claymation. Working with clay or play-doh characters that can easily be manipulated for animation. Advanced claymation (such as The Neverhood or Armikrog) uses metal skeletons on which the clay is then molded for more sturdy rigs.
Puppets

Some animators would use regular Puppets instead of clay one, usually also built upon some sort of skeleton rig. The faces of the characters can be replaced based on the expression, or be controlled within the rig.
Cut-Out

Another popular form of stop motion is Cut out. Using construction paper or cardboard characters and placing them on a paper while shooting the animation from above (That’s how South Park was made before they switched to computers.) The cardboard is then moved a little each frame to create the illusion of movement.
Silhouette

Similar to cutout animation, silhouette animation uses cardboard or some kind of flat material, but the objects are all black and the shot is depicted with silhouettes only. This is one of the oldest forms of stop motion and is rarely used today.
Action Figures / Lego

Some use action figures or lego characters for animation. This genre is very popular on YouTube with many channels dedicated to creating funny skits with lego characters. Robot Chicken is a great example of that. They use famous action figures to make fun of pop culture.
Pixelation

Pixelation is a form of stop motion that uses real people and real environments to create unreal videos. It uses the stop motion method of taking a still photo, moving things around, and then taking another photo, but the subject matter is usually real people instead of puppets.
History

Stop-Motion animation was very often used as special effects before the introduction of CGI animation, and as such has a very long history in both the animation and film industry, starting from The Humpty Dumpty Circus (1887, Blackton.) One of the most earliest of clay animations was Modelling Extraordinary (1912), and Stop-Motion animation also created the first female animator, Helena Smith Dayton, who made a clay animated short based Romeo and Juliet in 1917.

Another technique, which came about in the 80’s, was Go Motion. This technique involved programming a computer to move the models for the animators before each frame was photographed. It was used when creating visual effects for RoboCop (1987, Verhoven) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980, Kershner.) It was a lot more complicated than doing it by hand, but the result was a more realistic looking animation.

The Stop-Motion art form also created animators that would set the standards, like visual effects master Ray Harryhausen who created animations for Jason and the Argonauts (1963, Chaffey) and Clash of the Titans (1981, Davis), and Nick Park who created the Wallace and Gromit franchice. However, Stop-Motion wasn’t always made for shorts and visual effects. There have been many feature-length Stop-Motion animated films, most notably The Night Before Christmas (1993, Selick) and Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005, Park.)

Software used in stop motion Dragonframe

If you’re planning on making a professional stop motion video, Dragonframe is the best tool for the job. Its comprehensive software can be used with many different attachments, such as devices that control the camera, lights and even camera focus.

It gives the user complete control over the lighting of the shot with an option to program the dimming of the different lights over a period of time. It comes with a keypad controller for easy control of the photo taking process, and for flipping between frames

iStopMotion

If you’re looking to spend a bit less and you’re making stop motion more as a hobby, this software is just for you. It’s not expensive and very user friendly.

It does have good features though, such as DSLR support, onion skinning, using an iPad or iPhone as a remote and even chroma keying (using green screen.)

Rotoscoping


For either broadcast video or Internet streaming video, rotoscoping is the rotated projection of a sequence of usually photographed action image frames so that the artist can trace from the frame or create an image to superimpose on it. 

It can be thought of as "painting on movies" efficiently. Prior to computers, an animation stand called a Rotoscope was used to project a sequence of action frames against a surface so that a set of animation frames could be traced or created. 

The same work can now be done with digital images and special computer software. Tools that provide efficient ways to rotoscope include Digital Magic and Elastic Reality. Rotoscoping is frequently used as a technique for combining (compositing) cartoon figures with realistic settings in television commercials and is also used for special effects in feature-length films.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism

http://www.quetext.com/

If you are not sure if it is your own work. Use this link to check before submitting in your work


http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/prevention/

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone else's original ideas.

 But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:

ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE DICTIONARY, TO "PLAGIARIZE" MEANS

• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
• to use (another's production) without crediting the source
• to commit literary theft
• to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. 

It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.

BUT CAN WORDS AND IDEAS REALLY BE STOLEN?

According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some way (such as a book or a computer file).

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERED PLAGIARISM:

• turning in someone else's work as your own
• copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
• copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism. 

See our section on citation for more information on how to cite sources properly.

WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?

Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.

Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites.

Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.

Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).

Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example:

A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website)

Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background.

Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph)

Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph).

Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way.

The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced.

 The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is:

 1) Avoid them altogether or

 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly.

Info Graphics

Information graphics or infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly. They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system's ability to see patterns and trends.

Infographics are a visually compelling communication medium that done well can communicate complex data in a visual format that is potentially viral. They take deep data and present it in a visual shorthand.




http://www.coolinfographics.com/

http://www.creativebloq.com/infographic/tools-2131971

http://www.creativebloq.com/graphic-design-tips/information-graphics-1232836

Employment Rights and Responsibilities

Employment Rights and Responsibilities

Q1 What three elements must an Apprenticeship Agreement contain?

An apprenticeship agreement is an agreement between an employer and an apprentice in which the apprentice agrees to undertake work for the employer.

 It is a written statement outlining the particulars of employment 

• hours of work,
• holiday entitlement, 
• rate of pay 

The Agreement does not entitle an apprentice to any additional rights over other employees.

An apprenticeship agreement became a condition for the completion of an apprenticeship on 6 April 2012 due to the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act (2009).

An Apprenticeship Agreement can be in the form of a written statement of particulars under the Employment Rights Act (1996), or a document in writing in the form of a contract of employment or a letter of engagement where the employer's duty under the 1996 Act is treated as met.


Q2 Give three examples of legally-binding contract terms

Employment contracts are legally binding and protect both the employer and employee's rights and responsibilities.

The legal parts of a contract are known as ‘terms’. The terms of an employment contract set out what the employee and employer can expect of each other. 


It is important that you know what a legally binding part of a contract is and what is not.

A contract of employment can be given to you in a number of different ways, including:

•  a written contract (or similar document)
•  an employee handbook or on a company notice board
•  a spoken agreement with your employer
•  an offer of employment letter from your employer.

When a period of employment is set to last for more than a month, all employees are entitled by law to a written statement of the key terms and conditions of their employment within two months of starting work.

Conditions of employment which relate to the employee may include information relating to notice periods, salary/wages, benefits and work hours.   

Conditions of employment that relate to the company include discipline/grievance procedures, intellectual property and copyright.

Employment contracts can be permanent, where there is no end date specified, temporary, or for fixed-terms, where there is a specific end date for the employment.

Changes to employment contracts must be made by following procedures which are designed to protect the employee from unfair treatment. 

If employers wish to make any changes in their employees contracts of employment they must consult on those changes with employees or their representatives (eg a trade union).

Q3 There are three types of employment status - a ‘worker’, an ‘employee’ or ‘self- employed’. What are the basic employment rights for each employment status?

 Workers have a contract (not necessarily written) to undertake work in return for reward. Work should be available to them for the duration of the contract.

 

Workers are entitled to certain employment rights, including:

• being paid national minimum wage
• protection against unlawful deduction from wages
• receiving the statutory minimum level of paid holiday
• protection against unlawful discrimination
• not to be treated less favorably if they work part-time.

 Employees are workers, but have a wider range of employment rights than other workers, including:

•  statutory sick pay
•  maternity, paternity and adoption leave and pay
•  the right to request flexible working
•  minimum notice periods of their employment will be ending.

Self-employed people are not generally covered by employment law, except for some things like health and safety. Rights and responsibilities are determined by the person’s contract with their client.

Awareness of Health and Safety in the Creative Media Sector

Awareness of Health and Safety in the Creative Media Sector

		Describe key elements of health and safety regulations, relevant to working in the Creative Media sector Key elements to Health and Safety regulations are: Policy – Certain rules that are put in place to avoid injury such as tidying up after yourself. Organizing – What rules need to be put in place to avoid injury or problems for example tidying wires away to avoid injury. Planning and implementing – This is to make sure health and safety policies are put in place to a legal requirement and have been trialed to the correct standard. Measuring Performance – measuring performance helps to notify and trial new problems that come up in the creative media sector. Reviewing Performance – Using the results from measuring performances a meeting should be taken out to discuss problems and improve them Electrical Safety Key elements to electrical safety in the creative media sector can include safety on computers, this can include not drinking next to computers and switching off electrical equipment before tampering with it at all. Also working with lighting equipment I also make sure I switch off the light before attempting to unscrew the bulb, otherwise I'd be creating an electrical hazard. Lifting On film shoots we carry a lot of heavy equipment such as cameras, tripods and lighting kits. Chances are if there are not enough people to carry items on shoot people will try to carry more things than they actually physically can, causing strain on their bodies, also it may obstruct their view. Working at heights In the creative media industry it is very important to stay safe while working at heights, for example we could be on a ladder filming from a high perspective or taking photographs from a high perspective, in cases like these we make sure that we aren't leaning to the side of the ladder to capture something, even if this means getting off the ladder, moving it, then getting back on. We also make sure that someone is holding the ladder at the bottom just to keep it sturdy, having someone else there can ensure safety and ensure that no injury will happen. Coshh Working as a photographer I deal with a lot of printing, I have to be careful whilst changing inks, as exposure like this in the long term can cause problems like dermatitis, which is a serious skin condition. Chemicals: taking appropriate action when working with dangerous chemicals Solitary working.Make sure others in the workplace are aware of where you are and what you are doing. First aid At work it is my employers duty to make sure the first aid kit is fully stocked and functional. The employer should also make sure that the equipment is appropriate and adequate for any dangerous circumstances in the media environment. We have a first aider in the building in case of any injuries in the office and we also make sure that every time we are out on shoot we bring a first aider with us in case anything happens when we're out. Clothing: Headphones: Noise pollution protection Eye wear: goolges Overalls: when dealing with chemicals Safety shoes: for example steel toecaps Gloves: Protection from chemicals Heavy Machinery: Following appropriate precautions and workplace rules when working with heavy machinery
		Describe the main employer responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act https://worksmart.org.uk/health-advice/health-and-safety/employer-duties/what-are-my-employers-duties-under-health-and-safety

Web Development

Web Development

1.1 Describe the hardware and software components which enable the internet and web

Talk about each one of these components

Components
1a) Mail and proxy servers

Mail 

You can access email two ways, one way can be online via a website and the other way is mail client software this is where you use software which is on your computer an example of this is outlook. Some ISP’s provide you with a free emailing service. On the internet you will find free emailing services or if you want the safety you can pay for your emailing account. A mail server will allow you to access your emails and perform emailing tasks such as sending, forwarding and replies.

Proxy Server

A proxy server is what checks that the computer system can view the site for example if you have pop up blocks the proxy server is what says no to the web page when it tries to display itself. Some people see the proxy server as a safety precaution as it blocks these unwanted sites. The proxy server connects the different servers to your computer. Proxy server controls speed in which the pages are displayed, and the more doubtful reasons, like boundaries.

1b) Routers

 A router is an essential to web components as it’s a network device. The router is run through your ISP (internet service provider) the router is what allows you to get on the internet, once on the internet it controls your commands. When you enter a site into your search bar the message is then sent through the system this then gets the information and sends it back to you so that you can view the web page on your computer screen. You can connect more than 1 computer to a router, so the router needs to know the route of where it came from to make sure that it sends the right thing to the right computer it does these using different routes.

1c) Servers

1d) Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.

1e) Network interface cards and cabling

A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

1f) Wireless access points

In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi compliant device to connect to a wired network. The WAP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself.

1g) Browsers

A web browser is a software application, it is what is used to locate retrieve and display information onto the World Wide Web, and this does include pages, images videos and other types of files. The web server and the web browser work together to allow the user to be able to view their request. Today’s two types of main web browsers are Internet Explorer and Google Chrome. But there are many others such as Apple Safari, Opera and Firefox. Web browsers are usually used to access information on the web, a browser can also be used to access information hosted on web servers in private networks. Nowadays many computers are functional for all software suites as they can de-code things and display html pages, applications, java and over things hosted on web servers. Browser uses HTTP and decodes the packets that it receives. All browsers look very similar even if they are different they will look similar and have roughly the same layout.

1h) Website development software

The purpose of such a program is to make it easier for the designer to work with page and site elements through a graphical user interface that displays the desired results, typically in a WYSIWYG manner, while removing the need for the designer to have to work with the actual code that produces those results.

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1.2 Explain the role of the TCP/IP protocol including IPv6

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which is a set of networking protocols that allows two or more computers to communicate. The Defense Data Network, part of the Department of Defense, developed TCP/IP, and it has been widely adopted as a networking standard.

1.3 Explain the role of internet service providers, web hosting services and domain name registrars

TCP/IP- TCP meaning Transmission Control Protocol, it’s important as its one half of a network protocol used to control data on the internet. The other half of the network is IP. Meaning a whole network protocol is TCP/IP this is what is used to manage the data which is moving through the internet. 

TCP is liable for the examination data that has been delivered accurately from your computer to a different the server. If data is misplaced, then TCP requirements state that the data is re-sent automatically by the computer. 

IP is formally known as Internet Protocol. This half is liable for moving data from one part of the network to the next. Each packet has a place in which it needs to be this is the job of the IP to make sure it gets to the right place. Every single device which uses the internet and every computer have an IP address. 

TCP/IP is able to read the examination of the data. Also it wouldn’t work with the networks/internet but it does allow apple macs and windows computers to communicate. 

1.4 Describe available types of web functionality including:

Explain the types of web functionality as listed below.

Types of web functionality

2a) Web 1.0
2b) Web 2.0
2c) Blogs
2d) Online applications
2e) Cloud computing

Web 2.0 is based on the interactivity for web users. It also is purposeful when it comes to sharing information and the user’s content. It is not a new web browser but it is a new way of using the internet. Web 2.0 allows you to cooperate, add information and opinions, donate share and challenge, rather than using the internet in an inactive way. It allows you to do these things through the following:

Wikis- The main wiki in which many people use is wikipedia. This allows you to add information to the site and allows you to help other with things in which you understand but others don't. Many people don't find wikis very reliable as anyone can change the information to anything but many people also use the wiki sites. Wikis even allow you to create you own site.

Blogs- Some people see these as an online diary or journal. Anyone can create a blog, people who tend to make blogs are known as bloggers. Blogs can come both public and private, other people who view peoples blogs can use icons to comment and interact with the blogger.

Social Networking-Social networking sites are becoming a bigger thing as time goes on. Users can go onto the site create a free account, this then allows them to create a profile this then allows them to communicate with others. Examples of social networking sites would be, facebook, twitter, tumblr, bebo and myspace.

Online Applications- This is an application that you can use online this can save you money and capacity on your system. An advantage of using this is that you are able to access the application online from other systems with an internet connection.

Cloud Computing
This is where a user saves a programme or file but it is not saved onto there computer it is saved onto the 'Cloud' this is where shared resources are connected into one mass of on-demand knowledge. This means that any computer that connect the internet can access this cloud this way you can get the information, data, program, or file you need from any point. The problem with cloud computing is that it isn't very reliable. Cloud computing is unreliable because of the server is down you are unable to access your cloud computing.

2.1 Explain the use of markup languages: HTML and  XML

HTTP-HTTP formally known as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, it’s a set of rule that are used when transmitting files over the WWW (World Wide Web). 

Many URL’s begin with http:// this tells the internet browser that the rules for viewing webpage’s from the web server will be text ,graphic, sound, video and then the rest as this is what HTTP does creates a set of rules in which things are sent across as in a specific order. This makes it easy for the other end to receive and deal with.

HTTP will work with the router because it needs to make sure that the right packets take the correct right to the correct computing machine.

2.2a Explain the use and functionality of:

• web runtime environments

A Run-time environment implements part of the core behaviour of any computer language and allows it to be modified via an API or embedded domain-specific language. A web runtime environment is similar except it uses web based languages such as Java-script which utilises the core behaviour a computer language. Another example of a Run-time environment web language is JsLibs which is a standable JavaScript development runtime environment for using JavaScript as a general all round scripting language. JavaScript is often used to create responsive interfaces which improve the user experience and provide dynamic functionality without having to wait for the server to react and direct to another page.

2.2b • web application programming languages

A web application program language is something that mimics a traditional desktop application within a web page. For example, using PHP you can create forms and tables which use a database similar to that of Microsoft Excel.

Some of the other languages for web application programming are:

• Ajax
• Perl
• Ruby

2.3 Explain the role of databases in building websites and web applications: SQL and PHP

2.4 Identify typical product stack combinations that can be used for web development

3.1 Produce a pre-production proposal document for a web-site development project, identifying client needs, and user needs development timescales

3.2 Produce an implementation plan for a web-site development

3.3 Identify the components required to develop a web-site

This will be covered by the creating and evidencing of the website

4.1 Design components of a multi page web-site

Components

1a) Layout of pages
1b) Navigation or Story Board
1c) Format of content
1d) Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
1e) Shopping cart
1f) Images
1g) Animation

4.2 Develop components of a web-site

4.3 Test components of a web-site including:

Components 4.3
2a) Functionality testing (user environments)
2b) Verifying all Links work as they should
2c) Navigation
2d) Content
2e) Check against user requirements