Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone else's original ideas.
But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:
ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE DICTIONARY, TO "PLAGIARIZE" MEANS
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud.
It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.
BUT CAN WORDS AND IDEAS REALLY BE STOLEN?
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some way (such as a book or a computer file).
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERED PLAGIARISM:
turning in someone else's work as your own
copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)
Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.
See our section on citation for more information on how to cite sources properly.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.
Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites.
Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).
Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.
Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example:
A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website)
Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background.
Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph)
Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph).
Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way.
The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced.
The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is:
1) Avoid them altogether or
2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly.
Information graphics or infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly. They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system's ability to see patterns and trends.
Infographics are a visually compelling communication medium that done well can communicate complex data in a visual format that is potentially viral. They take deep data and present it in a visual shorthand. http://www.coolinfographics.com/
Employment Rights and Responsibilities Q1 What three elements must an Apprenticeship Agreement contain? An apprenticeship agreement is an agreement between an employer and an apprentice in which the apprentice agrees to undertake work for the employer. It is a written statement outlining the particulars of employment
hours of work,
holiday entitlement,
rate of pay
The Agreement does not entitle an apprentice to any additional rights over other employees. An apprenticeship agreement became a condition for the completion of an apprenticeship on 6 April 2012 due to the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act (2009). An Apprenticeship Agreement can be in the form of a written statement of particulars under the Employment Rights Act (1996), or a document in writing in the form of a contract of employment or a letter of engagement where the employer's duty under the 1996 Act is treated as met. Q2 Give three examples of legally-binding contract terms Employment contracts are legally binding and protect both the employer and employee's rights and responsibilities. The legal parts of a contract are known as ‘terms’. The terms of an employment contract set out what the employee and employer can expect of each other.
It is important that you know what a legally binding part of a contract is and what is not. A contract of employment can be given to you in a number of different ways, including:
a written contract (or similar document)
an employee handbook or on a company notice board
a spoken agreement with your employer
an offer of employment letter from your employer.
When a period of employment is set to last for more than a month, all employees are entitled by law to a written statement of the key terms and conditions of their employment within two months of starting work.
Conditions of employment which relate to the employee may include information relating to notice periods, salary/wages, benefits and work hours.
Conditions of employment that relate to the company include discipline/grievance procedures, intellectual property and copyright.
Employment contracts can be permanent, where there is no end date specified, temporary, or for fixed-terms, where there is a specific end date for the employment.
Changes to employment contracts must be made by following procedures which are designed to protect the employee from unfair treatment.
If employers wish to make any changes in their employees contracts of employment they must consult on those changes with employees or their representatives (eg a trade union).
Q3 There are three types of employment status - a ‘worker’, an ‘employee’ or ‘self- employed’. What are the basic employment rights for each employment status?
Workers have a contract (not necessarily written) to undertake work in return for reward. Work should be available to them for the duration of the contract.
Workers are entitled to certain employment rights, including:
being paid national minimum wage
protection against unlawful deduction from wages
receiving the statutory minimum level of paid holiday
protection against unlawful discrimination
not to be treated less favorably if they work part-time.
Employees are workers, but have a wider range of employment rights than other workers, including:
statutory sick pay
maternity, paternity and adoption leave and pay
the right to request flexible working
minimum notice periods of their employment will be ending.
Self-employed people are not generally covered by employment law, except for some things like health and safety. Rights and responsibilities are determined by the person’s contract with their client.
Awareness of Health and Safety in the Creative Media Sector
Describe key elements of health and safety regulations, relevant to working in the Creative Media sector
Key elements to Health and Safety regulations are:
Policy – Certain rules that are put in place to avoid injury such as tidying up after yourself.
Organizing – What rules need to be put in place to avoid injury or problems for example tidying wires away to avoid injury.
Planning and implementing – This is to make sure health and safety policies are put in place to a legal requirement and have been trialed to the correct standard.
Measuring Performance – measuring performance helps to notify and trial new problems that come up in the creative media sector.
Reviewing Performance – Using the results from measuring performances a meeting should be taken out to discuss problems and improve them
Electrical Safety Key elements to electrical safety in the creative media sector can include safety on computers, this can include not drinking next to computers and switching off electrical equipment before tampering with it at all. Also working with lighting equipment I also make sure I switch off the light before attempting to unscrew the bulb, otherwise I'd be creating an electrical hazard.
Lifting On film shoots we carry a lot of heavy equipment such as cameras, tripods and lighting kits. Chances are if there are not enough people to carry items on shoot people will try to carry more things than they actually physically can, causing strain on their bodies, also it may obstruct their view.
Working at heights In the creative media industry it is very important to stay safe while working at heights, for example we could be on a ladder filming from a high perspective or taking photographs from a high perspective, in cases like these we make sure that we aren't leaning to the side of the ladder to capture something, even if this means getting off the ladder, moving it, then getting back on. We also make sure that someone is holding the ladder at the bottom just to keep it sturdy, having someone else there can ensure safety and ensure that no injury will happen.
Coshh Working as a photographer I deal with a lot of printing, I have to be careful whilst changing inks, as exposure like this in the long term can cause problems like dermatitis, which is a serious skin condition.
Chemicals: taking appropriate action when working with dangerous chemicals
Solitary working.Make sure others in the workplace are aware of where you are and what you are doing.
First aid At work it is my employers duty to make sure the first aid kit is fully stocked and functional. The employer should also make sure that the equipment is appropriate and adequate for any dangerous circumstances in the media environment. We have a first aider in the building in case of any injuries in the office and we also make sure that every time we are out on shoot we bring a first aider with us in case anything happens when we're out.
Clothing: Headphones: Noise pollution protection Eye wear: goolges Overalls: when dealing with chemicals Safety shoes: for example steel toecaps Gloves: Protection from chemicals
Heavy Machinery: Following appropriate precautions and workplace rules when working with heavy machinery
Describe the main employer responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act
Web Development 1.1 Describe the hardware and software components which enable the internet and web
Talk about each one of these components
Components 1a) Mail and proxy servers
Mail
You can access email two ways, one way can be online via a website and the other way is mail client software this is where you use software which is on your computer an example of this is outlook. Some ISP’s provide you with a free emailing service. On the internet you will find free emailing services or if you want the safety you can pay for your emailing account. A mail server will allow you to access your emails and perform emailing tasks such as sending, forwarding and replies.
Proxy Server
A proxy server is what checks that the computer system can view the site for example if you have pop up blocks the proxy server is what says no to the web page when it tries to display itself. Some people see the proxy server as a safety precaution as it blocks these unwanted sites. The proxy server connects the different servers to your computer. Proxy server controls speed in which the pages are displayed, and the more doubtful reasons, like boundaries.
1b) Routers
A router is an essential to web components as it’s a network device. The router is run through your ISP (internet service provider) the router is what allows you to get on the internet, once on the internet it controls your commands. When you enter a site into your search bar the message is then sent through the system this then gets the information and sends it back to you so that you can view the web page on your computer screen. You can connect more than 1 computer to a router, so the router needs to know the route of where it came from to make sure that it sends the right thing to the right computer it does these using different routes.
1c) Servers
1d) Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.
1e) Network interface cards and cabling
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
1f) Wireless access points
In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi compliant device to connect to a wired network. The WAP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself.
1g) Browsers
A web browser is a software application, it is what is used to locate retrieve and display information onto the World Wide Web, and this does include pages, images videos and other types of files. The web server and the web browser work together to allow the user to be able to view their request. Today’s two types of main web browsers are Internet Explorer and Google Chrome. But there are many others such as Apple Safari, Opera and Firefox. Web browsers are usually used to access information on the web, a browser can also be used to access information hosted on web servers in private networks. Nowadays many computers are functional for all software suites as they can de-code things and display html pages, applications, java and over things hosted on web servers. Browser uses HTTP and decodes the packets that it receives. All browsers look very similar even if they are different they will look similar and have roughly the same layout.
1h) Website development software
The purpose of such a program is to make it easier for the designer to work with page and site elements through a graphical user interface that displays the desired results, typically in a WYSIWYG manner, while removing the need for the designer to have to work with the actual code that produces those results.
1.2 Explain the role of the TCP/IP protocol including IPv6
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which is a set of networking protocols that allows two or more computers to communicate. The Defense Data Network, part of the Department of Defense, developed TCP/IP, and it has been widely adopted as a networking standard.
1.3 Explain the role of internet service providers, web hosting services and domain name registrars
TCP/IP- TCP meaning Transmission Control Protocol, it’s important as its one half of a network protocol used to control data on the internet. The other half of the network is IP. Meaning a whole network protocol is TCP/IP this is what is used to manage the data which is moving through the internet.
TCP is liable for the examination data that has been delivered accurately from your computer to a different the server. If data is misplaced, then TCP requirements state that the data is re-sent automatically by the computer.
IP is formally known as Internet Protocol. This half is liable for moving data from one part of the network to the next. Each packet has a place in which it needs to be this is the job of the IP to make sure it gets to the right place. Every single device which uses the internet and every computer have an IP address.
TCP/IP is able to read the examination of the data. Also it wouldn’t work with the networks/internet but it does allow apple macs and windows computers to communicate.
1.4 Describe available types of web functionality including:
Explain the types of web functionality as listed below.
Types of web functionality
2a) Web 1.0 2b) Web 2.0 2c) Blogs 2d) Online applications 2e) Cloud computing
Web 2.0 is based on the interactivity for web users. It also is purposeful when it comes to sharing information and the user’s content. It is not a new web browser but it is a new way of using the internet. Web 2.0 allows you to cooperate, add information and opinions, donate share and challenge, rather than using the internet in an inactive way. It allows you to do these things through the following: Wikis- The main wiki in which many people use is wikipedia. This allows you to add information to the site and allows you to help other with things in which you understand but others don't. Many people don't find wikis very reliable as anyone can change the information to anything but many people also use the wiki sites. Wikis even allow you to create you own site.
Blogs- Some people see these as an online diary or journal. Anyone can create a blog, people who tend to make blogs are known as bloggers. Blogs can come both public and private, other people who view peoples blogs can use icons to comment and interact with the blogger.
Social Networking-Social networking sites are becoming a bigger thing as time goes on. Users can go onto the site create a free account, this then allows them to create a profile this then allows them to communicate with others. Examples of social networking sites would be, facebook, twitter, tumblr, bebo and myspace.
Online Applications- This is an application that you can use online this can save you money and capacity on your system. An advantage of using this is that you are able to access the application online from other systems with an internet connection.
Cloud Computing This is where a user saves a programme or file but it is not saved onto there computer it is saved onto the 'Cloud' this is where shared resources are connected into one mass of on-demand knowledge. This means that any computer that connect the internet can access this cloud this way you can get the information, data, program, or file you need from any point. The problem with cloud computing is that it isn't very reliable. Cloud computing is unreliable because of the server is down you are unable to access your cloud computing.
2.1 Explain the use of markup languages: HTML and XML
HTTP-HTTP formally known as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, it’s a set of rule that are used when transmitting files over the WWW (World Wide Web).
Many URL’s begin with http:// this tells the internet browser that the rules for viewing webpage’s from the web server will be text ,graphic, sound, video and then the rest as this is what HTTP does creates a set of rules in which things are sent across as in a specific order. This makes it easy for the other end to receive and deal with.
HTTP will work with the router because it needs to make sure that the right packets take the correct right to the correct computing machine.
2.2a Explain the use and functionality of:
• web runtime environments
A Run-time environment implements part of the core behaviour of any computer language and allows it to be modified via an API or embedded domain-specific language. A web runtime environment is similar except it uses web based languages such as Java-script which utilises the core behaviour a computer language. Another example of a Run-time environment web language is JsLibs which is a standable JavaScript development runtime environment for using JavaScript as a general all round scripting language. JavaScript is often used to create responsive interfaces which improve the user experience and provide dynamic functionality without having to wait for the server to react and direct to another page.
2.2b • web application programming languages A web application program language is something that mimics a traditional desktop application within a web page. For example, using PHP you can create forms and tables which use a database similar to that of Microsoft Excel.
Some of the other languages for web application programming are:
Ajax
Perl
Ruby
2.3 Explain the role of databases in building websites and web applications: SQL and PHP
2.4 Identify typical product stack combinations that can be used for web development
3.1 Produce a pre-production proposal document for a web-site development project, identifying client needs, and user needs development timescales
3.2 Produce an implementation plan for a web-site development
3.3 Identify the components required to develop a web-site
This will be covered by the creating and evidencing of the website
4.1 Design components of a multi page web-site
Components
1a) Layout of pages 1b) Navigation or Story Board 1c) Format of content 1d) Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 1e) Shopping cart 1f) Images 1g) Animation
4.2 Develop components of a web-site
4.3 Test components of a web-site including:
Components 4.3 2a) Functionality testing (user environments) 2b) Verifying all Links work as they should 2c) Navigation 2d) Content 2e) Check against user requirements
